Sweden (Swedish: Sverige) is a country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula and is one of the five Nordic countries. Its capital is Stockholm. Sweden shares a western border with Norway and a northeastern border with Finland, while its southwestern coast faces the Skagerrak and Kattegat Straits, and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia lie to the east. Across the sea, it is neighbored by Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. With a coastline of 2,181 kilometers and a total area of 450,000 square kilometers, Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe by area. The country is divided into 21 provinces and 290 municipalities, with Stockholm as its capital. As of October 2023, Sweden has a total population of 10.56 million.
In 2022, Sweden's GDP reached 5,962.8 billion Swedish kronor (approximately 558.4 billion USD), with a GDP per capita of 567,000 kronor (about 53,000 USD). The GDP growth rate for the year was 2.6%.
On March 7, 2024, local time, Sweden officially joined NATO, becoming the alliance's 32nd member.
Due to the influence of the Atlantic Gulf Stream, coastal regions of Sweden experience a temperate coniferous forest climate, while the southernmost areas have a temperate broadleaf forest climate. The North Atlantic Current affects the country's temperatures, with average January temperatures ranging from -16°C in the north to -0.7°C in the south, and July temperatures averaging 14.2°C in the north and 17.2°C in the south.
Sweden is divided into 21 provinces and 290 municipalities. Provincial governors are appointed by the government, while municipal leadership bodies are elected. Both provincial and municipal governments have significant autonomy.
The flag of Sweden is rectangular, with a length-to-width ratio of 8:5. The design consists of blue and yellow. The flag features a blue background with a yellow cross that divides the flag into four blue rectangles. The two rectangles on the left side of the flag, near the flagpole, are equal in size, as are the two on the right.
Sweden has two versions of its coat of arms: a larger and a smaller version. The larger coat of arms has a medieval-inspired design. It features a shield with the flag's design, set within an ornate and regal tent. The background consists of two sections: one is a blue field with three golden crowns, which has symbolized the Kingdom of Sweden since 1364 and represents the retained monarchy; the other section features a golden lion standing on a blue and white striped background, symbolizing the ancient House of Folkung.
At the center of the large coat of arms is the smaller coat of arms: a red field with a silver band supporting a golden vase, a golden eagle soaring under a starry night sky, and beneath a blue sky, a silver twin-towered castle standing tall. These elements represent the House of Vasa and its successors, the Bernadotte family. On either side of the shield are lions crowned in gold, while the royal crown on top is surrounded by the chain of the Order of the Seraphim, adorned with images of angels